1. How does a crisis differ from an emergency?

a. Unlike an emergency, a crisis is not necessarily unexpected, and the organization is not necessarily disrupted while this change grows closer in time.

b. Unlike an emergency, a crisis represents a disruption that is too large to be answered by any single organization.

c. Unlike an emergency, a crisis is a political declaration that always requires the involvement of the government.

d. Unlike an emergency, a crisis is unexpected and always signals a threat to human life and property.

2. A system is said to be _______ if its reliability is reliable, that is, unchanging despite fluctuating conditions.

a. probabilistic

b. proactive

c. redundant

d. robust

3. Heavy-tailed (i.e., large extreme) probability distributions are a poor choice for modeling high degrees of uncertainty related to risk.

True or False