1. Detecting genetically engineered microorganisms in the environment is difficult because:

a. They are the same color as soil

b. They are small in size and lack distinguishing features

c. They do not have phenotypic markers

d. They do not express genotypic markers

2. Mineralization is:

a. The use of minerals for lawns

b. The formation of rocks

c. The process by which microbes convert an organic compound to CO2 and H2O

d. The use of bacteria to reclaim metals from sulfide ores

3. An Environmental Impact Statement is:

a. used to obtain permission to release a genetically engineered organism in Minnesota

b. the name given to genetically engineered microorganisms that have been field tested

c. used by USDA to determine if one can engineer a microorganism for plant disease prevention

d. used to notify the FDA that a food contains an engineered food additive

4. All enzymes used in the food industry are:

a. proteins

b. genetically engineered

c. proteases

d. produced by bacteria

5. The first genetically engineered microorganism which was approved for use in the U.K. (England) was:

a. Lactase (?-galactosidase)

b. Baker's yeast

c. Agrobacterium

d. Rennet (chymotrypsin)

6. The rhizosphere is:

a. the surface of soil

b. the region of soil immediately surrounding plant roots

c. the region of air surrounding the leaf surface

d. the region of the planet containing microorganisms

7. A mutant bacterium not causing ice-nucleation is:

a. used to protect plant roots

b. kills Agrobacterium tumefaciens

c. is used to protect strawberries

d. is used to kill Agrobacterium rhizogenes

8. One of the most widely used nitrogen fixing microorganisms is:

a. Bacillus thuringiensis

b. Rhizobium

c. Agrobacterium rhizogenes

d. Bacillus megaterium

9. A symbiotic relationship is when:

a. two organisms each derive benefit from their interaction

b. only one organism derives benefit from their interaction

c. a relationship goes bad

d. leguminous plants interact with bacteria

10. Microorganisms synthesize a variety of polymers, some of which can be used to:

a. make edible plastics

b. alter food texture

c. clean-up hazardous wastes

d. synthesize antibiotics

11. Western hybridizations detect:

a. DNA

b. RNA

c. mRNA

d. Protein

12. Reporter Genes

a. Detect protein.

b. Are used to determine when a gene is switched on.

c. Are genotypic markers

d. Are selective agents

13. Genetic detection methods are chosen based on requirements

a. time, temperature and pH

b. specificity, ease of use, and sensitivity

c. only cost

d. relationship to what is being detected

14. Recalcitrant Halocarbon compounds contain which of the following:

a. low pH

b. halogen bonds

c. condensed aromatic rings

d. plastics

15. A bioreactor is used for:

a. Making soda from high fructose corn syrup

b. Treating diseases

c. Treating soils with recombinant bacteria

d. Treating plant pathogens as pests

MATCHING QUESTIONS LIST

___1. A small piece of DNA used to specifically detect other DNA molecules

___2. An easily detectable phenotypic marker used to detect genetically engineered organisms in the environment

___3. A microorganism purposely added to a food to change its texture flavor or aroma

___4. Reason why microbes are used to produce enzymes

___5. A method to detect Protein in genetically engineered bacteria

___6. Many non-biodegradable plastics are produced by:

___7. The first genetically engineered protein to receive approval by a regulatory agency for use in food in the U.S.

___8. EPA

___9. Given favorable conditions all natural compounds are degrade by microbes

___10. The accumulation of toxic materials as they move up the food chain

___11. pickles

___12. ELISA

MATCHING ANSWERS LIST -- USE EACH ANSWER ONLY ONCE

a. microorganisms q. western hybridization

b. gene probe r. Environmental Protection Agency

c. toxic by products s. Environmental Production Administration

d. Southern hybridization t. rennet

e. bioluminescence u. bakers yeast

f. easy to grow in large quantities v. humans

g. bioaccumulation w. high fructose corn syrup

h. starter culture x. principle of microbial infallibility

i. detects protein in food y. detects mRNA

j. its conversion to CO2 and water z. fermented food

k. its conversion to more toxic compounds

l. biomagnification

m. lactose

n. Bacillus thuringiensis USE EACH ANSWER ONLY ONCE

o. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

p. Rhizobium

q. western hybridization

r. Environmental Protection Agency

s. Environmental Production Administration

t. rennet

u. bakers yeast

v. humans

w. high fructose corn syrup

x. principle of microbial infallibility

y. detects mRNA

z. fermented food