1. Describe Herbert Spencer's Social Darwinism, explaining how and why American embraced it so earnestly.
2. William James, although not a true functionalist was a strong forerunner of it. What did James feel was the subject matter of psychology and the method of research? What importance did James put on consciousness and what were the characteristics of consciousness?
3. What does bio-determinism mean in regard to women and education in the U.S. in the late 1800s? What was the Variability Hypothesis and how was it refuted?