1. By written contract Pam appointed Alex her agent for purposes of selling her camper. The contract said Alex had authority to sell the camper for between $1,500 and $3,000; that he had authority to sign a contract of sale in Pam's name; that he had authority to indorse the certificate of title in Pam's name; that he had authority to collect the purchase price in either cash or cashier's check; and that he had authority to do all other things necessary to complete the sale. Alex sold the camper to Travail Traveler for $2,225 and collected the price in cash, and along with title, possession, receipt and incidental paperwork... gave Mr. Traveler the keys to the camper. Pam claimed Alex shouldn't have done that. Was Alex acting beyond the scope of his authority? If not what authority was he using? If he was acting improperly, identify what he did wrong.

2. Andy told Tom in the presence of Phil that Phil had appointed him his agent for the purpose of arranging the sale of his 18 speed touring bike. Phil heard this and said nothing even though Phil had not appointed Andy to sell anything. Later Andy made a contract with Tom for the sale of the bike. Phil refused to sell because Andy wasn't his agent. Can Phil escape liability for this contract?