1. Affirmative action plans instituted by police administrators in an effort to increase the diversity of their police force are :

Unconstitutional in any form as they violate the equal protection clause of the US Constitution

Are valid if based on a system of quotas

Outlawed by civil service statutes

Are valid if based on a system of preferences, not giving to much preference to a minority status

2. You are hired as a police patrol officer for a local police department as an employee-at-will. There is NO Union to join in the workplace whatsoever. Your supervisors order you to routinely speed on the roadways and DO NOT activate your emergency lights. Often your supervisors even order you to speed around town without emergency lights to deliver non-essential packages and to pick up lunch for the office. You refuse since this is dangerous, reckless and illegal. Your supervisors fires you for not following orders. Your supervisors also tell you that you cannot sue the police department or the city for wrongful discharge because you are an employee-at-will and can be discharged for any reason, or no reason.

The supervisors are correct since they have qualified immunity

The supervisors are wrong, as there was an express/implied contract that you could remain at your job for a reasonable time

The boss is wrong because being fired under these circumstances is a violation of public policy

The supervisors are right as you can be fired for virtually anything under the employee-at-will doctrine.