1. According to Shamir, the vision articulated by charismatic leaders emphasizes:

a. specific, challenging performance objectives

b. tangible benefits that justify exceptional follower effort

c. symbolic and expressive aspects of the work itself

d. factual evidence about the feasibility of the objectives

2. According to Conger and Kanungo, attributions of charisma are not likely for a leader who:

a. creates dissatisfaction with current conditions

b. makes personal sacrifices to achieve the vision

c. acts in conventional ways to achieve the vision

d. recognizes opportunities to make successful changes