1. According to Grindstaff (2008), "textual analysis" is a strand of interpretivist work that includes the study of

A.media genres

B.narrative analysis

C.scholarship on "the politics of representation"

D.all of the above

Question 2. Grindstaff (2008) claims that most of the new and interesting work on popular culture is being done

A.by cultural sociologists

B.outside sociology

C.in anthropology

D.by the Frankfurt School

Question 3. According to Grindstaff, drawing on the theory of hegemony developed by Antonio Gramsci, cultural studies

A.do not produce important work on popular culture

B.seem to be too close to its British roots to explain the phenomenon of global culture

C.have not been very influential at American universities

D.placed meaning, ideology, and power relations at the center of theorizing

Question 4. According to Grindstaff (2008), the challenge of defining popular culture results from

A.the existence of too many cultural forms

B.different ways that scholars conceptualized it for analysis

C.the postmodern condition

D.None of the above

Question 5. Grindstaff (2008) claims that different definitions of culture result clearly embody

A.different assumptions and political orientations about popular culture

B.scholars' preferences for different cultural forms

C.the different socioeconomic backgrounds of scholars

D.All of the above

Question 6. "Production of culture" perspective refers to

A.the Marxist perspective

B.debates about how to interpret culture

C.the empirical study of culture-producing organizations within specific institutional contexts

D.None of the above

Question 7. According to Grindstaff (2008), the majority of contemporary pop culture scholarship is tied to the media, especially television, due to

A.the proliferation of media technologies

B.the expansion of media systems in the U.S. and abroad

C.the increasing connectedness of the media to other cultural pursuits

D.All of the above

Question 8. The "embedded consumption" refers to

A.the blurring of boundaries between consumer and consumed in the use of new media

B.Marxist view of the relationship between culture and capitalism

C.the excessive use of new media technologies

D.the dangers in using the new media technologies

Question 9. According to Grindstaff (2008), the positive aspect(s) of today's cosmopolitan consumer culture is (are) that it

A.is not bound by old hierarchies of status and distinction

B.creates a great deal of cultural choice due to the use of new technologies

C.is highly participatory

D.all of the above

Question 10. The negative aspect(s) of the today's cosmopolitan consumer culture is (are)

A.the growing consolidation of media/ entertainment industries and monopolization of popular culture

B.globalization of culture

C.its elitism

D.all of the above

Question 11. According to Holton (2000), the three major theses concerning cultural consequences of globalization are

A.environmentalism, hybridization, and postmodernism

B.polarization, postmodernism, and hybridization

C.homogenization, polarization, and politicization

D.homogenization, polarization, and hybridization

Question 12. According to Holton (2000), homogenization of culture thesis rests on the assumption that the global culture follows the global economy and has resulted in

A.the convergence toward a common set of cultural traits and practices

B.Westernization

C.Americanization

D.all of the above

Question 13. According to Holton (2000), the polarization of culture thesis

A.tells a vivid and morally loaded story that is too simplistic and pessimistic

B.tells a story that is convincing in light of the rise of ethnic hatred and conflict around the world

C.tells a story that is too optimistic in light of the rise of ethnic hatred and conflict around the world

D.none of the above

Question 14. According to Holton (2000), the hybridization of culture thesis emphasizes the intercultural exchange and the incorporation of cultural elements from a variety of sources within particular cultural practices that are the result of movement between cultures that may include

A.intermarriage

B.cross-border employment

C.migration

D.All of the above

Question 15. Holton argues that the cultural consequences of globalization are difficult to explain due to

A.the failure of grand theories to address the diversity and complexity of global cultural development

B.the occurrence of simultaneous processes of convergence in market-driven capitalism, electronic technology and liberal democratic politics, and divergence in culture

C.the evidence of global diffusion that has always been a source of innovation

D.all of the above

Question 16. According to Crane (1999), some scholars have suggested that women in their teens and twenties view images identified with hegemonic femininity (such as Madonna's attitude toward her sexuality)

A.differently compared to middle-aged women and feminist interpretation of it

B.as indicators of being in control of their sexuality

C.not as signs of passivity

D.all of the above

Question 17. Based on the analysis of fashion photographs published in the Vogue magazine from 1947 until the 1990s, Crane (1999) demonstrates that

A.the basic approach to the model's body has remained the same over the decades

B.showing the latest trends in clothing for women ceased to be the main goal of the magazine

C.models are increasingly shown in dominant positions

D.the photographs and content are increasingly directed at female readership

Question 18. According to Emerson (2002), since 1990s, African American women have had a significant presence in hip-hop and Black popular culture as

A.dancers and models

B.managers of male musicians

C.background singers

D.performers, producers, writers, and musicians

Question 19. According to Jarmakani (2010), one of the issues with the sheikh romance novels is that

A.the qualities of an intelligent and courageous heroine are only expressed through the white heroine while the oppressed Arab women is a "compelling absent presence"

B.it does not give full agency to the white heroine

C.they are usually not very realistic

D.they are not very popular

Question 20. Jarmakani (2010) argues that sheikh romance novels function as

A.a tool in the war on terror

B.narratives that speak to the anxieties and fears of late modern forms of power

C.a way to overcome stereotypes of Middle Eastern men

D.a reminder of the greatness of the Arab cultures