1. According to developmental theory, criminal opportunity and apprehension risk are _________ factors that can explain the onset and contiuation of criminality.

A. Personal

B. Social

C. Cognitive

D. Situational

2. _____ Created new categories of federal offenses orginally used to target organized groups, and most recently used to target gangs.

A. Crime, Justice, and Mafia Defense Act

B. Organized Solicitation and Homicide Act

C. Federal Justice and Gotti Crime Act

D. Racketeering and corrupt Organization Act

3. Crime prevention tactics used today generally are placed into one of four categories. Which of the following is not one of these categories?

A. Increased the effort needed to commit crime

B. Increase the use of probation and parole

C. Increase the risk of committing crime

D. Induce guilt or shame for committing crime