1. According to chapter 2 of Understanding Philosophy, utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of ethical theory?

The answer can be found in section 2.1 of Understanding Philosophy

consequentialist

deontological

trolly problematic.

egoistical.

Question 2. According to chapter 2 of Understanding Philosophy, which of the following would be an expression of rule utilitarianism, rather than act utilitarianism?

The answer can be found in section 2.1 of Understanding Philosophy

"Even if torturing this person right now might be beneficial, the overall consequences of permitting torture would be harmful, and so we shouldn't allow it in any circumstance."

"It's okay to torture this person because it may save thousands of lives."

"It's immoral to torture this person because the pain it would cause him outweighs any potential benefits."

"We shouldn't torture this person because we wouldn't want him torturing us."

Question 3. Which of the following statements is the strongest evidence that the person saying it is a utilitarian?

Ginny: "Violations of rights are very serious, from the moral point of view."

Helen: "I agree. It is always immoral to violate someone's rights."

Ginny: "Well, I wouldn't say ‘always'. It's o.k. to violate rights whenever the good you can produce by doing so outweighs the harm you do by violating the person's rights."

Kate: "I disagree with both of you. The notion of rights is just a mechanism for the lesser members of society to maintain control over those capable of greatness."