1. According to Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78, the power of judicial review

   a. reflects the will of the people as it is embodied in the Constitution.

   b. violates the principle of checks and balances.

   c. is inconsistent with the Constitution.

   d. is inherently antidemocratic.

   e. implies an ability of the court to usurp the power of other branches.

2. To the extent that independent agencies (such as the Environmental Protection Agency) are under anyone's control, they are under the control of

   a. the president.

   b. the department responsible for their area of activity.

   c. a joint committee of Congress.

   d. the cabinet member to whom they report.

   e. federal regulators who oversee their actions.

3. What is the required procedure when an agency issues a new rule?

   a. Prior approval from the affected entity.

   b. Congressional oversight.

   c. Seeking input from the public interest groups and the White House.

   d. Prior review for constitutionality.

   e. Top-level bureaucratic approval.

4. By 'power to persuade,' Richard Neustadt means that a president must have

   a. the ability to bargain.

   b. the ability to deal with adversaries.

   c. an ability to choose priorities carefully.

   d. all of these.

   e. none of these.

5. Popular election of judges

   a. occurs at all levels of American courts.

   b. occurs in many states but nowhere in the federal system.

   c. occurs only in federal courts.

   d. has been suggested as a reform but is not currently used.

   e. is declining in use.

6. Plea bargaining is a process by which

   a. a defendant makes an emotional plea for mercy from the court.

   b. a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence.

   c. jurors bargain among themselves to reach a verdict.

   d. civil cases involving large sums of money are settled out of court.

   e. the prosecuting attorney waives the jury process.