1. A significant drawback of the use of medication for PTSD is

it can actually serve as a reinforcer for one of the major symptoms of PTSD because it can allow aperson to avoid the feelings associated with the trauma.

it can make people overly sensitized to the "warning signs" of distress.

it can work well during the day, however the person often continues to have nightmares and sleepdisturbances.

there are no significant drawbacks.

2. Research on the role of anger in hypertension finds that

expressing anger serves to reduce the blood pressure of those with hypertension.

anger and blood pressure are not related.

suppressed anger explains the hypertension of most of the population.

expressed anger increases blood pressure.

3. Bipolar disorder is to major depression as ________ is to ________.

mania; hypomania

hypomania; mania

cyclothymia; dysthymia

dysthymia; cyclothymia

4. Manic and hypomanic episodes

have totally different symptoms.

have the same symptoms but hypomanic episodes cause less impairment.

occur at the same time.

have the same symptoms but manic episodes cause less impairment.

5. Cognitive factors

can create or intensify stress.

alone determine what effect a traumatic event will have on the immune system.

always serve to minimize stress reactions.

have no impact on how the body responds to a challenge.