1. A good decision with ethical implications can escalate an emergency into an unmanageable situation.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

2. Using the five-step problem-solving model, while implementing the solution, you should also:
A. Develop an action plan with details.
B. Use a consistent process to evaluate alternatives.
C. Monitor progress and evaluate the decision.
D. Determine the extent of the problem.

3. Individual decision making is a good approach when:
A. The decision is complex with many possible solutions.
B. Commitment to the decision by other people is critical.
C. The leader has enough expertise to make a good decision.
D. The decision will directly impact many agencies, individuals, or community members.

4. A problem-solving model helps to minimize impediments to decision making and the impact of stress.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

5. Using the five-step problem-solving model, after selecting an alternative, the next step is to:
A. Identify the problem.
B. Implement the solution.
C. Explore alternatives.
D. Assess the situation

6. Under stress, decision makers are more likely to:
A. Focus on longer range alternatives.
B. Avoid conflict with other key players.
C. Exhibit poor judgment.
D. Engage with other key players for longer periods of time.

7. The analytical problem-solving model helps minimize impediments to:
A. A common operating picture.
B. Creative potential.
C. Stress reduction.
D. Decision making.

8. A key characteristic of effective problem-solving groups is their:
A. Duplication of function.
B. Emphasis on unanimous agreement.
C. Large size.
D. Diverse makeup.

9. When selecting group members for problem solving, it is more effective to include people who:
A. Are homogeneous in makeup.
B. Have limited decision-making authority.
C. Have a stake in the outcome.
D. Represent jurisdictions with no stake in the outcome.

10. The initial step of the five-step problem-solving model is to:
A. Clarify values.
B. Develop an approach.
C. Identify the problem.
D. Explore alternatives

11. When selecting an alternative, choose the one that comes closest to solving the problem with:
A. The most options and fewest disadvantages.
B. The most advantages and fewest alternatives.
C. The most alternatives and fewest options.
D. The most advantages and fewest disadvantages.

12. When the time to make a decision is extremely limited, is group decision making or individual decision making the better approach?
A. Group decision making is the better approach.
B. Individual decision making is the better approach.

13. An effective decision maker should:
A. Promote groupthink to evaluate potential solutions.
B. Have a clear view of values and keep them in mind at each step of the process.
C. Make decisions based solely on financial and environmental factors.
D. Rely on primary sources of information and avoid secondary sources when making decisions.

14. The steps of the analytical problem-solving model include: identifying the problem, exploring and selecting alternatives, _____________, and evaluating the situation.
A. Implementing a solution.
B. Analyzing the situation.
C. Evaluating alternatives.
D. Identifying the stakeholders.

15. The steps of the analytical problem-solving model include: identifying the problem, _____________, selecting alternatives ,implementing a solution, and evaluating the situation.
A. Building an implementation plan.
B. Identifying the stakeholders.
C. Exploring alternatives.
D. Decision making.

16. Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making?
A. It is more likely to be influenced by a vocal few.
B. It provides a broader perspective and taps a wider range of expertise.
C. It tends to limit discussion of the problem.
D. It is successful when time is limited and leadership is absent.

17. The decision-making for emergencies process should begin:
A. During the execution phase of the decision-making cycle.
B. Well before any emergency strikes.
C. After an emergency operations center has been established.
D. Under emergency conditions.

18. Which of the following practices can make a group's decision-making process more effective?
A. Requiring agreement that the decision is the optimal one.
B. Promoting the use of groupthink.
C. Forming smaller groups and working groups.
D. Permitting member roles to remain uncertain.

19. When the consequences of decision making are significant and time permits, is group decision making or individual decision making the better approach?
A. Group decision making is the better approach.
B. Individual decision making is the better approach.

20. When applying the problem-solving model to ethical solutions, be sure to consider:
A. Private gain.
B. Evacuation priorities.
C. Stakeholder needs and values.
D. Individual compliance.

21. Effective decision making in an emergency results in the following, EXCEPT FOR:
A. Better management of the incident.
B. Increased trust and support from the community.
C. Quicker recovery time from the emergency event.
D. Increased risk of injury to victims or responders.

22. Failure to verify information can lead to:
A. Poor decisions.
B. Group decisions.
C. Good decisions.
D. Individual decisions.

23. During which step of the problem-solving model should you eliminate alteratives that appear unethical.
A. Implement the solution.
B. Select an alternative.
C. Identify the problem.
D. Make a decision.

24. When selecting a solution in an ethical situation, be sure to consider:
A. Your values and those of your organization.
B. The community's taxholder base.
C. Personal compliance.
D. All possible solutions, regardless of how they appear ethically.

25. Which of the following is a key element for effective decision making?
A. Nature of the threat
B. Analytical approach
C. Length of engagement
D. Groupthink