1. A. _____ occurs when more new information is provided more quickly than recipients can process.

1. Message distortion

2. Message ambiguity

3. Message perception

B. Which of the following reasons is NOT cited in the text as a cause of resistance that a change manager will have to diagnose before taking action?

1. Innate dislike of change

2. Perceived ethical conflict

3. Belief that the proposed changes are appropriate

C. Which of the following statements is true of alpha males?

1. They miss subtleties.

2. They reduce the pressure on others to perform.

3. They are patient and unambitious.

D. In the context of resistance to change in an organization, which of the following is the difference between employee resistance and management resistance?

1. Management resistance is overt, whereas employee resistance is always covert.

2. Management resistance is more likely to occur at the conceptualization and planning stage, whereas employee resistance is more likely to arise at the point of implementation.

E. According to Barry Staw and Jerry Ross, the factor that leads to escalation resulting from an attempt to save face by committing more resources at a project in an attempt to revive it and avoid being associated with failure is known as a(n):

1. psychological determinant.

2. social determinant.

3. organizational determinant.