1. What were the principal reasons for the growth and success of the urban political machine in the United States? On balance, do you feel that the machine was good or bad for American cities? Explain.

2. What is gentrification? What have been some of the advantages and disadvantages of gentrification as a strategy for downtown economic redevelopment? On balance, do you feel that gentrification has been positive or negative for the City of San Diego?

3. What is meant by "a new kind of poverty?" What are its essential elements? In your opinion, is this really a "new" phenomenon? Explain.

4. Briefly trace the history of the Reform (Progressive) Movement in the U.S. In general, did reform efforts have a positive or negative effect on urban politics and governance? Explain.

5. What were the principal factors in the progressive decline (or decay) of the American central city during the 20th century? In your opinion, what (if anything) can government do to reverse this decline?