1. List at least four of the functions of body proteins.

2. What is meant by nitrogen balance? Give examples of conditions associated with positive and negative nitrogen balance.

3. What are complementary proteins? List three examples of food combinations that contain complementary proteins.

4. What potential health effects can occur over time from consuming too much protein?

5. Proteins that use energy and convert it into some form of mechanical work are ________ ________. They are active in processes such as cell division, muscle contraction, and sperm movement.

6. ________ _________a disease that involves an inability to digest gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, oats, and barley. If untreated, it causes flattening of the villi in the intestine, leading to severe malabsorption of nutrients. Symptoms include diarrhea, fatty stools, swollen belly, and extreme fatigue.

7. ________ _________ is an inherited disorder that causes widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, resulting in chronic lung disease, abnormally high levels of electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride) in sweat, and deficiency of pancreatic enzymes needed for digestion.

Metabolism (Fill in the blank):

The term ______________ describes a series of chemical reactions that either break down a large compound (catabolism) or build more complex molecules (anabolism). Cells are known as the "work centers" of metabolism. The basic animal cell is divided into two parts: the ____________and the _____________, which is filled with a fluid called cystosol. The ______________ are power generators that contain many important energy-producing pathways. ____________and their cofactors speed up chemical reactions in metabolic pathways.