1. Regarding Sally Helgesen's characterization of what she called the "female advantage," which of the following statements is true?

A. Women managers typically don't give their employees more freedom.

B. Women managers aren't more concerned than men with maintaining their "image."

C. Women aren't more inclined to value communication and promote shared knowledge.

D. Women tend to deemphasize the interconnectedness of organizational operations.

2. According to George Ritzer, the four principles of what he called McDonaldization include efficiency, predictability, uniformity, and

A. control.

B. cost.

C. creativity.

D. continuity.

3. According to Amitai Etzioni, people will join a/an _________ organization to pursue some morally worthwhile goal.

A. normative

B. utilitarian

C. informal

D. progressive

4. The failure to foresee Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor or the ill-fated involvement in the Vietnam War were quite possibly the result of

A. conformity.

B. policy.

C. expressive leadership.

D. groupthink.

5. Being in the Bush or Clinton family attracts attention and creates opportunities. This is an example of having a/an

A. role.

B. master status.

C. achieved status.

D. ascribed status.

6. According to the text, a group of four people contains _______ relationships.

A. ten

B. eight

C. four

D. six

7. Max Weber emphasized _________, which is a modern world view that emphasizes the most efficient way to accomplish a task.

A. refuse

B. constitution

C. competition

D. rationality

8. In reproduction, if the father contributes an X chromosome, a _______ embryo results.

A. triplet

B. male

C. female

D. twin

9. Opportunity, attachment, involvement, and belief are aspects of

A. Sutherlands's theory of differential association.

B. the medicalization of deviance.

C. Hirschi's social control theory.

D. labeling theory.

10. Within a global perspective, which one of the following statements is true?

A. Violent crime rates are much higher in the United States than they are in Europe.

B. The American emphasis on individual financial success helps reduce crime rates.

C. The widespread ownership of guns in the United States appears to have no impact on crime rates.
D. Property crime rates are much higher in the United States than they are in Europe.

11. Smoking marijuana as a form of treatment can be classified as a

A. symbolism of culture.

B. medicalization of deviance.

C. labeling theory.

D. gateway to illness.

12. Conflict theorist Stephen Spitzer maintains that in America, the _______ system plays the central role in shaping attitudes about deviance.

A. social class

B. legal

C. cultural

D. capitalist

13. The least effective type of leadership style in promoting group goals is

A. authoritarian.

B. laissez-faire.

C. controlling.

D. democratic.

14. Regarding premarital intercourse, which statement is true?

A. About 30 percent of all high school students report four or more sexual partners.

B. A slight majority of young people choose to remain abstinent prior to marriage.

C. Currently, the incidence of oral sex among adolescents is almost the same as the number reporting having actual intercourse.

D. Among baby boomers, the proportion of males and females who had premarital sex was about 50-50.

15. According to Émile Durkheim, deviant behavior

A. differentiates acceptable and unacceptable people.

B. encourages social change.

C. amplifies moralistic ambiguity.

D. defines cultural norms.

16. Bertrand Smothers is a petty bureaucrat with the Lancaster County Bureau of Social Services. When confronted with a weeping, single mother pleading for food stamp relief, Bertrand informs the woman that she doesn't qualify for that program because an obscure section of the statute code can be interpreted as disqualifying her. The mother departs in despair and Bertrand sips his coffee contentedly. Under Merton's strain theory, what deviance category would best apply to Ms. Smothers?

A. Ritualism

B. Innovation

C. Retreatism

D. Rebellion

17. Which of the following best describes the concept of demeanor?

A. Patterns of behavior indicating relative social power

B. The use of deceptive body language

C. Forcefully expressing one's point of view

D. The devaluation of feminine words, such as hostess

18. According to Arlie Russell Hochschild, in typical corporate and business environments managers and supervisors attempt to control employees'

A. inner narratives.

B. social life.

C. linguistic behavior.

D. behavior and emotions.

19. College graduates are an example of a/an

A. category.

B. organization.

C. group.

D. tribe.

20. Regarding sexual violence, which of these statements is false?

A. Perpetrators of date rape typically know or are acquainted with their victims.

B. In prisons, men who rape men are typically homosexual.

C. The government's legal definition of rape presumes that the victim will be female.

D. Rape is a violent expression of power aimed at humiliating and controlling the victim