1. Technological leadership in firms does not necessarily translate itself into economic benefits. The capacity of the firm to appropriate the benefits of its investment in technology depends on its position. Which of the following is not relevant?

a) Innovation ‘leadership'-where firms aim at being first to market, based on technological leadership.

b) Complementary assets or capabilities in marketing and distribution.

c) Capacity to defend its advantage against imitators, for example, through standards or intellectual property.

d) The learning curve in production generates both lower costs, and a particular and powerful form of accumulated and largely tacit knowledge.