--Which of the following serve as examples in Danto’s essay?

A. Robert Rauschenberg's Bed.

B. Claes Oldenburg's sculpture of a bed

C. Zeuxis's painting of grapes.

D. Both A and B

E. All of the above

---In his article, "The Artworld," Danto discusses Socrates' description of art as being like a mirror of nature or reality. Danto concludes that to the extent that art is mirrorlike, it can carry out the function of

A. revealing us to ourselves.

B. replacing reality.

C. producing surplus repression.

D. making art equal to science.

E. making artists into cultural heroes.

---According to Aristotle, universal forms

A. don't actually exists.

B. are embodied all around us in the particular things of the world of space and time.

C. exist in an independent, transcendent reality.

D. were a fiction created by Plato.

E. None of the above.

--Marcuse borrows the concept of repression from the psychological theories of Sigmund Freud. Repression refers to

A. a variety of political injustice in which minorities or individuals in disfavor with authorities are made to do things against their will.

B. a way of sublimating pleasure into negative forms of expression.

C. situations in which the ego overrides the id and superego.

D. a kind of catharsis in which emotions experience vicariously can be openly expressed.

E. the forcible pushing out of consciousness the desires, wishes, thoughts, feelings, etc., that the mind considers bad, dangerous, or otherwise unacceptable.

--Danto's theory of art explains that the is of artistic identification implies that

A. we are able to locate the precise part of element of an object that identifies it as a work of art.

B. an artist can change her or his identity through making art.

C. we make an object into a work of art through regarding it in a certain way (with the aid of theory).

D. society can learn to live either with or without art.

E. artists are able to elevate themselves into "higher culture" by making art.

---According to Plato:

A. a painting of a chair and a material (e.g., wooden) chair are both copies of the Form of chair.

B. a material chair resembles the Form of Chair, and a painting of the chair resembles the material chair.

C. a material chair resembles the Form of Chair, but a painting of the chair doesn't resemble the material chair.

D. there is no difference between a material chair and the Form of Chair.

E. None of the above

---In the excerpt from Plato's Republic where Socrates is being asked about representation in general, Plato elaborates his Theory of Forms. The idea here is that

A. Only a real person, like a human craftsman or builder, can create the Forms for Bed, Chair or House.

B. there is a divine Craftsman who has made the Forms for all things.

C. the chairs, beds and houses made by craftsmen are appearances of the real Bed, Chair and House, and these realities are ideal Forms.

D. artists like painters make representations of material things like chairs, beds, or houses, so they are in effect creating appearances of appearances of the real Forms.

E. Both C and D.