You are provided the following data on a firm. The total market value is $40 million. The capital structure, demonstrate here, is considered to be optimal.

Accounting Value Market Value

Bonds, $1000 par, 6% coupon, 6% YTM $10,000,000 $10,000,000
Preferred Stock, 7%, $100 par, 100,000 shares $10,000,000 $8,000,000
Common Stock, $1 par, 100,000 shares $100,000
Capital in excess of par $400,000 $22,000,000 *
Retained Earnings $13,500,000

* Total market value of common equity

a. What is the after-tax cost of debt? (assume the company's effective tax rate = 40%)

b. Assuming a $7 dividend paid annually, what is the required return for preferred shareholders (i.e. component cost of preferred stock)? (assume floatation costs = $0.00)

c. Assuming the risk-free rate is 2%, the expected return on the stock market is 9%, and the company's beta is 1.0, what is the required return for common stockholders (i.e., component cost of common stock)?

d. What is the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?