State the null and alternative hypotheses for each of the following:

A) You want to show an increase in buying and selling of single-family homes this year when compared with last year's rate.

B) You are testing a new recipe for "low-fat" cheesecake and expect to find that it's taste is not as good as traditional cheesecake.

C) You are trying to show that music lessons have a positive effect on a child's self-esteem.

D) You are investigating the relationship between a person's gender and the automobile he or she drives- specifically you want to show that males tend to drive truck type vehicles more than females do.