What are confounds? Give an ex of a design that has three confounds. Describe three ways to alter the design to address these confounds and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each.
What does "cause" mean and why is it an important concept in research? How are correlation and causation related?
You are a researcher interested in addressing the problem: does smiling cause mood to rise (i.e., become more positive)? Sketch between-participants, within-participants, and matched-participants designs that address this problem and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each to yielding data that help you answer the problem. Describe and discuss each design in 4-5 sentences.