SECTION – A
problem1a) Why is it significant to understand concept of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis of any distribution.
b) In any population if the variation of the dependent variable is not constant for each of the values of the independent variable, then how does this affect the process of taking a sample.
problem2) Describe what is meant by Sampling and Non sampling Errors. What are the different sources of Non Sampling Errors.
Section-B
Case Study
problem1) Is the educational achievement level of students related to how much the state in which they reside spends on education? This is one important problems raised by policy makers while allocating money towards education. In order to study the same data was collected among 35 states of a well developed economy on the expenditure (spending) per student (in thousands ) and the composite score (score) for the average student recorded. The summary of the data obtained is as follows:
∑ spending = 1774.09 ; ∑ score = 2209.10 ; ∑(spending)2 = 93933.25
∑ (score)2 = 139690.61 ; ∑ (spending x score) = 112322.20 ;
∑ (spending-mean spending)2 = 4007.67 ; ∑ (score-mean score)2 = 258.53
The regression output obtained was as follows:
Case problems:
a) Identify the dependent and independent variables.
b) Fill up the blanks marked as (**) in the different tables given above.