Which one of the following is an attractive and effective way to reduce the production cost of entry-level cameras and help achieve a low-cost competitive advantage over rival companies based on lower production and marketing cost per entry-level camera sold?

A. spending no more than $15 on core components for entry-level cameras

B. paying pat member an incentive bonus to help reduce the cost of warranty claims

C. outsourcing the assembly of a substantial fraction of entry-level cameras to contract supplies each quarter

D. investing in robotic assembly equipment to reduce the number of pat needed to assemble cameras and thus lower labor cost per camera assembled at the company's taiwan part

E. keeping current year spending on new product R&D, engineering, and design to a maximum of $500,000