United States v. 2007 Custom Motorcycle FACTS Timothy Allen commissioned a custom motorcycle from Indy Route 66 Cycles, Inc. Indy built the motorcycle and issued a "Certificate of Origin." Two years later, federal law enforcement officers arrested Allen on drug charges and seized his home and other property. The officers also seized the Indy-made motorcycle from the garage of the home of Allen''s sister, Tena. The govern- ment alleged that the motorcycle was subject to forfeiture as the proceeds of drug trafficking. Indy filed a claim against the gov- ernment, arguing that it owned the motorcycle, as evidenced by United States District Court, District of Arizona, __ F.Supp.2d __ (2011). the "Certificate of Origin," which the company still pos- When does passage of title occur? sessed. Indy claimed that it had been keeping the motorcycle in storage. The government filed a motion to strike the claim, asserting that title to the motor- cycle had passed when it was delivered to Allen. ISSUE Did ownership to the motorcycle pass at the time that Indy gave Allen possession and control over it?DECISION Yes. The district court issued a ruling in the govern- ment''s favor and granted the motion to strike Indy''s claim. REASON Under UCC 2­401(2), "unless other wise explic- itly agreed, title passes to the buyer at the time and place at which the seller completes his performance with reference to the physical deliver y of the goods." In the sales transaction in this case, the parties did not "other wise explicitly agree" to different terms. Thus, the critical question was whether Indy had delivered the cycle to Allen. Testimony by Indy''s former vice president, Vince Ballard, was "inconclusive" but implied that Indy had delivered the motorcycle to Allen. The cycle was found in Tena''s garage, which also indicated that Indy had delivered it to Allen. Thus, Indy had given up possession of the cycle to Allen. This was sufficient to pass title even though Indy had kept a "Certificate of Origin." As a consequence, the motorcycle was subject to forfeiture as the proceeds of drug trafficking. 

WHAT IF THE FACTS WERE DIFFERENT? Suppose that Indy had given the "Certificate of Origin" to Allen and had kept the motorcycle. Would the result have been different ? Explain.