Treating Motion Sickness The following Minitab display resulted from an experi- ment in which 10 subjects were tested for motion sickness before and after taking the drug astemizole. The Minitab data column C3 consists of differences in the number of head movements that the subjects could endure without becoming nauseous. (The dif- ferences were obtained by subtracting the "after" values from the "before" values.)

a. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that astemizole has an effect (for better or worse) on vulnerability to motion sickness. Based on the result, would you use astemizole if you were concerned about motion sickness while on a cruise ship?

b. Instead of testing for some effect (for better or worse), suppose we want to test the claim that astemizole is effective in preventing motion sickness? What is the P- value, and what do you conclude?

95% CI for mean difference: (-48.8, 33.8) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs not = 0): T-Value = -0.41 P-Value = 0.691.