The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (www.ofheo.gov) collects data on various aspects of housing costs around the United States. Here is a scatterplot of the Housing Cost Index versus the Median Family Income for each of the 50 states. The correlation is 0.65.

a) Describe the relationship between the Housing Cost Index and the Median Family Income by state.

b) If we standardized both variables, what would the correlation coefficient between the standardized variables be?

c) If we had measured Median Family Income in thousands of dollars instead of dollars, how would the correlation change?

d) Washington, DC, has a Housing Cost Index of 548 and a median income of about $45,000. If we were to include DC in the data set, how would that affect the correlation coefficient?

e) Do these data provide proof that by raising the median income in a state, the Housing Cost Index will rise as a result? Explain.