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The Cedar Rapids Gazette (November 20, 1999) reported the following information on compliance with child restraint laws for cities in Iowa: that a newborn baby is female, given that the ultrasound predicted the baby would be female.

Number of         Number Children            Properly

 City                          Observed               Restrained      

Cedar Falls                 210                    173

Cedar Rapids              231                    206

Dubuque                   182                     135

Iowa City (city)          175                    140

Iowa City (interstate)   63                     47

a. Use the given information to estimate the probability that a newborn baby is male, given that the ultrasound predicted the baby would be male.

b. Based on your answers to Parts (a) and (b), do you think ultrasound is equally reliable for predicting gender for boys and for girls? Explain.

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