Statistical Analysis

Question 1

Prior to the industrial revolution, the study of leadership relied on:

A. scientific studies.

B. intuition and description.

C. case analyses.

D. the trait approach to understand leaders.

Question 2

The modern scientific study of leadership can be divided into three eras. These are:

A. trait, behavior, contingency.

B. charismatic, visionary, exemplary.

C. case studies, research, theory building.

D. personality, event-based, complex analysis.

Question 3

Which of the following factors contributed to the development of the behavior approach to leadership?

A. the need to find leaders during World War II

B. the development of personality testing

C. the use of behavioral surveys to measure traits

D. access to military leaders

Question 4

The major shortcoming of Lewin's early research on leader behavior was that:

A. the behaviors were difficult to define clearly.

B. the researchers could not measure the leader behaviors consistently.

C. it was not clear which behavior was most effective.

D. only task behavior was shown to improve performance.

Question 5

The two primary leadership behaviors that are still in use are:

A. laissez-faire and charismatic motivation.

B. autocratic and democratic.

C. visionary and practical.

D. consideration and initiation of structure.

Question 6

The primary assumption of the contingency approach to leadership is:

A. leadership depends on culture.

B. what works depends on the situation.

C. behavior of leaders is contingent on their personality.

D. leadership effectiveness is contingent on the role of followers.

Question 7

According to Fiedler, __________ is the most important factor in any leadership situation.

A. leader-member relations

B. task structure

C. follower maturity

D. position power

Question 8

According to the Contingency Model, task-motivated leaders will be most effective in which type of situation?

A. moderate control

B. low control

C. high-control

D. all situations

Question 9

Anwar is a task-motivated leader who is in a high situational control environment. Based on Fiedler's Contingency Model, he is likely to:

A. be tense, overbearing, and over controlling.

B. be confident, considerate, and focused on removing obstacles.

C. be considerate, open to suggestions and concerned with resolving conflicts.

D. Be directive, serious, and with little concern for others.

Question 10

Which of the following principles is the basis for the Normative Decision Model?

A. Empowerment is always effective.

B. Western employees expect to participate in decision making.

C. Groups are wasteful and inefficient.

D. Employee motivation results from the leader removing obstacles.

Question 11

According to group dynamics research that is the basis for the Normative Decision Model:

A. groups make better decisions.

B. well trained groups make faster decisions than individuals.

C. leaders get better results when they rely on groups.

D. participation in decision-making leads to commitment.

Question 12

In the _________ decision style, the leader makes the decision alone, with or without information from the group.

A. autocratic

B. individual

C. consultative

D. group

Question 13

When there is no quality requirement and employee commitment is not needed, the most appropriate leader decision style is:

A. autocratic.

B. individual.

C. consultative.

D. group.

Question 14

According the Path-Goal Theory, the leader must motivate followers by:

A. encouraging them to do their best.

B. strengthening the links among effort, performance, and outcomes.

C. addressing each follower's needs.

D. being both a supportive and a task-oriented leader who focuses on followers.

Question 15

Suzanna would like to improve her leadership effectiveness using Path-Goal theories of leadership. She should:

A. identify her in-group and out-group and how followers get in each group.

B. make sure that she has enough power.

C. understand her followers' need for autonomy and their perception of the task.

D. make sure she is comfortable with a variety of decision styles.

Question 16

Having a clear task that provides direct feedback to follower serves as a substitute for:

A. leader consideration behaviors.

B. organizational policies.

C. leader structuring behaviors.

D. leader's lack of power.

Question 17

The substitute for leadership model has increasing applications to many organizations as they:

A. implement the use teams.

B. select leaders with certain traits.

C. teach leaders to be both considerate and provide structure.

D. move to other cultures.

Question 18

Employees who do not have a high quality LMX are likely to experience one of the following.

A. assignment to challenging tasks

B. A lot of positive and negative communication from their leader

C. Limited interaction with the leader

D. High performance expectations

Question 19

When the employees' commitment is essential, they generally agree with the goals of the organization, and the leader does not have enough information, the most appropriate decision style is:

A. autocratic.

B. consultative.

C. delegation.

D. individual.

Question 20

The key issue in keeping in-groups productive is:

A. the leader's personality.

B. the followers' personality.

C. how in-group members are selected.

D. the quality of the LMX.