Question: Using the terminology of this chapter, what name applies to each of the boldface numbers in the following quotes (e.g., odds, risk, relative risk)?

a. "Fontham found increased risks of lung cancer with increasing exposure to secondhand smoke, whether it took place at home, at work, or in a social setting. A spouse's smoking alone produced an overall 30 percent increase in lung-cancer risk" (Consumer Reports, January 1995, p. 28).

b. "What they found was that women who smoked had a risk of getting lung cancer 27.9 times as great as nonsmoking women; in contrast, the risk for men who smoked regularly was only 9.6 times greater than that for male nonsmokers" (Taubes, 1993, p. 1375).

c. "One student in five reports abandoning safe-sex practices when drunk" (Newsweek, December 19, 1994, p. 73)