Question: Refer to the data in Exercise.

a. Create a histogram for these data.

b. At how many universities did students take, on average, 10 or more years to complete their doctorates?

c. How are the data distributed?

Exercise: The Survey of Earned Doctorates regularly assesses the numbers and types of doctorates awarded at U.S. universities. It also provides data on the length of time, in years, it takes to complete a doctorate. Below is a modified list of this completion-time data, truncated to whole numbers (e.g., 8.7 became simply 8) and shortened to make your analysis easier. These data have been collected every five years since 1982.

8    8    8    8    8    7    6    7    7    7    7    7

6    6    6    6    6    6    7    8    8    8    8    7

6    6    7    7    7    6   11   13   15   15

14   12   9   10   10   9   9   9

a. Create a frequency table for these data.

b. How many schools have an average completion time of 8 years or less?

c. Is a grouped frequency table necessary? Why or why not?

d. Describe how these data are distributed.