Question: Look again at the Case Study at the beginning of this chapter. Could the 1976 and 1992 random samples in the Detroit Area Study differ by as much as 24% versus 15% just by chance? Researchers answered that challenge by conducting a test of significance. They found that the P-value for the test of whether two such random samples would differ by that much was less than 0.01.

1. Using language that can be understood by someone who knows no statistics, write a paragraph explaining what a P-value of less than 0.01 means in the context of the Detroit Area Study.

2. Are the results of the study significant at the 0.05 level? At the 0.01 level? Explain.

3. Do the data in the study provide evidence that the attitudes of whites in Detroit changed between 1976 and 1992, so that more whites were willing to stay as black families moved in? Discuss.