Question: Developing marketing strategies for travel to Hawaii. In 1997 approximately one-third of all tourists to Hawaii were from Japan. Since that time the percent has steadily decreased and is now around 20%. To better understand the reasons for travel to Hawaii, a group of researchers surveyed 315 Japanese tourists who planned to visit Hawaii. The tourists were divided into groups based on their purpose for travel. They were

(1) honeymoon,

(2) fraternal association,

(3) sports,

(4) leisure, and

(5) business.

Their responses to various survey questions were compared across these groups. The responses were on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The following table summarizes the mean response and F test statistic for several questions.

(a) What are the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom for these F tests?

(b) The response variable is not Normally distributed. Explain why this should not cause difficulties in using ANOVA.

(c) Using a significance level of α = 0.05 for each question, assess whether there are differences in the group means.

(d) For those questions with a significant F statistic, plot the means and describe their pattern.