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Question 1.1.According to Rachels' article "Active and Passive Euthanasia", passive euthanasia is:

passively giving into the wishes of the patient to have their life ended by lethal injection.
using "extraordinary means" to prevent a patient's death, against the patient's wishes.
ceasing to use "extraordinary means" to prolong someone's life.
the refusal to treat a patient to avoid incurring unnecessary costs.

Question 2.2.According to Glaukon from the "Ring of Gyges" excerpt from Plato's Republic, justice is based on

The laws of God.
Agreements people make that are mutually beneficial.
Natural goodwill among people.
The will of the powerful.

Question 3.3.In the article "Trying Out One's New Sword," what does Mary Midgley use example of the samurai to illustrate?

It's not necessarily wrong to apply standards and values from our own culture when considering another culture.
People who object to making moral judgments about other cultures typically do so by making positive moral judgments about those cultures.
To refuse to apply moral judgments to other cultures is to fail to take those other cultures seriously.
all of the above.

Question 4.4.According to Glaukon from the "Ring of Gyges" excerpt from Plato's Republic, people are:

Naturally egocentric
Naturally self-sacrificing
Naturally just
Naturally benevolent

Question 5.5.According to Glaukon from the "Ring of Gyges" excerpt from Plato's Republic, If the Ring of Gyges really existed what would not be the case:

Most people would use it for good.
Everyone would use it for their own advantage.
Most people would not continue to act the way they normally do.
Everyone would use it to commit injustice.

Question 6.6.In "Active and Passive Euthanasia", Rachels claims that most actual cases of killing, especially those outside of medical contexts:

are morally neither good nor bad
are morally worse than cases of letting die.
are morally the same as cases of letting die.
are morally better than actual cases of letting die.

Question 7.7.Leon Kass argues that the primary responsibility of physicians is to:

benefit sick by the activity of healing
minimize the patient's suffering.
respect the wishes of the patient.
preserve a patient's life by every means possible.

Question 8.8.According to Mary Midgley in the article "Trying Out One's New Sword," what is a feature of almost all cultures that shows why moral isolationism is wrong?

They all recognize and accept modern Western values.
They formed out of the interactions of many different cultures coming in contact.
They are all offshoots of an original, master culture.
They all share the same beliefs about humanity and God.

Question 9.9.In the "Ring of Gyges" excerpt from Plato's Republic, Glaukon begins by claiming that "those who practice justice" do so

Because they know it is the right thing to do.
Because they are compelled by their conscience.
Because all of the parts of their character are harmoniously oriented toward the good.
Because they are incapable of doing otherwise.

Question 10.10.According to Mary Midgley in the article "Trying Out One's New Sword," what statement would imply a rejection of moral isolationism? (Points : 1)

"The indigenous tribesman's remarks about white society are a damning indictment of Western civilization."
"We can learn a lot from considering the values and way of life of this other culture."
"Some of our own culture's practices are revealed as morally problematic when compared to those of another culture."
All of the above.

Question 11.11.According to the "Ring of Gyges" excerpt from Plato's Republic, if Glaukon is correct, then justice

is valuable in its own right.
is valuable only insofar as it helps in individual satisfy his or her own interests.
is always more beneficial than injustice.
has value only relative particular cultures.

Question 12.12.Leon Kass argues that legalizing euthanasia will likely:

lead to greater trust between the doctor and patient.
lead to some patients feeling coerced into opting for euthanasia.
result in increased use of and support for palliative care.
all of the above.

Question 13.13.In "Active and Passive Euthanasia", Rachels claims that:

there is always a moral difference between the consequences of active and passive euthanasia.
there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia, considered in themselves.
both a and b.
neither a nor b.

Question 14.14.According to Rachels' article "Active and Passive Euthanasia", many people accept the "conventional doctrine" that active euthanasia is always wrong while passive euthanasia is sometimes okay because:

they believe that it is never permissible either to let someone die or to kill them.
they believe that there is no intrinsic moral difference between killing and letting die.
they believe that letting die is morally worse than killing.
they believe that killing is intrinsically worse than letting die

Question 15.15.In "Active and Passive Euthanasia", Rachels argues that the "conventional doctrine" that active euthanasia is always wrong while passive euthanasia is sometimes okay:

is obviously correct.
leads to decisions concerning life and death made on morally irrelevant grounds.
is not what most people believe, but can be supported by strong arguments.
leads to patients being euthanized against their will.

Question 16.16.In "Active and Passive Euthanasia", Rachels concludes that:

active euthanasia is always worse than passive euthanasia.
passive euthanasia is always worse than active euthanasia.
active euthanasia is sometimes morally permissible.
none of the above.

Question 17.17.According to the "Ring of Gyges" excerpt from Plato's Republic, Glaukon thinks that deep in our hearts we all believe that

To be unjust is to be a fool.
We will be happier if we always stick to the laws of justice.
Injustice is more profitable than justice.
Both (a) and (b).

Question 18.18.In "Active and Passive Euthanasia", Rachels claims that when infants with Down's syndrome are denied necessary operations, the reason is typically:

because the surgery would be too expensive.
simply because the infants have Down's syndrome.
because the surgery would be too difficult.
because there is certainty that the infant will die soon anyway.

Question 19.19.According to Leon Kass, the drive to legalize euthanasia can be largely attributed to

better morals.
an increased respect for human dignity.
the rise in a largely technical approach to healing.
the loss of religious influence.

Question 20.20.According to Rachels' article "Active and Passive Euthanasia", the illustration of Smith and Jones shows that:

killing is not always worse than letting die.
there is an intrinsic moral difference between killing and letting die.
letting die is morally worse than killing.
it is never permissible either to let someone die or to kill them.

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Basic Finance, Finance

Category:- Basic Finance
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