Question 1 of 20
Which of the following groups or individuals are considered stakeholders in business?
A. employees
B. competitors
C. suppliers
D. consumers
E. all of the above
Question 2 of 20
Which of the following items is not a cost associated with unethical behaviors?
A. legal costs
B. employee theft
C. reputation costs
D. investor confidence
E. monitoring costs
Question 3 of 20
Which of the following operational areas are not confronted with ethical issues?
A. upper management
B. secretaries/administrative assistants
C. mid-level management
D.boards of directors
E. none of the above
Question 4 of 20
Employee theft can include which of the following:
A. stealing money
B. stealing time
C. stealing products
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Question 5 of 20
Monitoring costs can be incurred by organizations for which of the following reasons:
A. employee surveillance
B. increased supervision costs
C. new rules and regulations
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Question 6 of 20
Which of the following is not a competitive advantage associated with ethical organizations?
A. employee motivation and productivity
B. employee recruitment
C. reputational equity
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Question 7 of 20
Which of the following views of human nature have implications for the way ethical issues are addressed by management?
A. humans are born with prior knowledge of right and wrong
B. humans are born good
C. humans are born with inherited sin
D. humans are "blank slates"
E. all of the above
F. none of the above
Question 8 of 20
Which of the following is not considered one of Kohlberg's six stages of moral development?
A. social-contract orientation
B. universal ethical principles orientation
C. obedience-and-punishment orientation
D. blank slate orientation
E. none of the above
Question 9 of 20
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the postconventional level of moral reasoning is based on which of the following:
A. applying abstract universal principles
B. applying the laws of society
C. applying group membership standards
D. considering benefit to the individual
E. none of the above
Question 10 of 20
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the preconventional level of moral reasoning includes which of the following:
A. obedience-and-punishment orientation
B. applying abstract universal principles
C. considering the interests of others
D. considerations of pleasing others
E. none of the above
Question 11 of 20
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the conventional level of moral reasoning is based on which of the following:
A. applying abstract universal principles
B. considering the interests of others
C. the interests of the individual
D. obedience-and-punishment orientation
E. none of the above
Question 12 of 20
Which of the following can lead to unintended unethical behavior?
A. misaligned management systems
B. situational ambiguity
C. insufficient knowledge
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Question 13 of 20
Which of the following is not cited as a reason people intentionally behave unethically?
A. avoiding punishment and seeking praise
B. feeling pressure to do so by those in authority
C. believing that the organizational culture encourages or tolerates unethical behavior
D. feeling pressure to do so by overly aggressive business objectives
E. feeling pressure to do so by moral imperatives*
Question 14 of 20
The three levels of Kohlberg's stages of moral development are distinguished by......
A. an individual's needs and wants
B. an individual's relationship with him/herself
C. an individual's universal principles
D. an individual's relationship with society
E. none of the above
Question 15 of 20
Which of the following is not one of Kidder's ethical dilemmas based on competing values?
A. short term versus long term
B. truth versus loyalty
C. morality versus ambiguity
D. individual versus community
E. justice versus mercy
Question 16 of 20
Applying universal ethical principles such as justice and equality is associated with the preconventional level of moral development.
A. True
B. False
Question 17 of 20
Which of the following are considered universal ethical principles?
A. the "Golden Rule"
B. justice
C. equality
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Question 18 of 20
Motivation to progress through the stages of moral development involves which of the following:
A. moral discomfort
B. moral comfort
C. moral complacency
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
Question 19 of 20
Egocentric punishment avoidance is associated with the preconventional level of moral development.
A. True
B. False
Question 20 of 20
Which of the following is not a typical reason why good people occasionally behave unethically?
A. a good person chose one set of values over a competing set of values
B. a good person may justify the unethical behavior based on a reason considered more compelling
C. a good person may not have intended to generate the resultant unethical outcome
D. a good person may think he/she can get away with unethical behavior
E. a good person may choose not to prevent an unethical behavior for compelling reasons such as fear of retaliation.