Q1. Iconic memory is a type of memory that holds visual information for about half a second (0.5 seconds). To demonstrate this type of memory, participants were shown three rows of four letters for 50 milliseconds. They were then asked to recall as many letters as possible, with a 0-, 0.5-, or 1.0-second delay before responding. Researchers hypothesized that longer delays would result in poorer recall. The number of letters correctly recalled is given in the table.
|
Delay Before Recall
|
|
0
|
0.5
|
1
|
|
6
|
3
|
4
|
|
7
|
4
|
2
|
|
8
|
9
|
4
|
|
5
|
10
|
3
|
|
10
|
4
|
7
|
|
12
|
6
|
4
|
(a) Complete the F-table.
(b) Compute Tukey's HSD post hoc test and interpret the results.
Q2. To test whether students in a higher grade level will be less disruptive in class, a school psychologist records the number of documented interruptions during one day of classes from nine local high schools. The sample consisted of nine (n = 9) freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior high school classes. The data for each high school class are given in the table.
|
High School Class
|
|
Freshman
|
Sophomore
|
Junior
|
Senior
|
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
|
1
|
5
|
6
|
2
|
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
4
|
|
3
|
2
|
4
|
4
|
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
|
4
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
|
4
|
1
|
4
|
4
|
|
3
|
4
|
6
|
5
|
(a) Complete the F-table.
Q3. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression during seasons with less daylight (e.g., winter months). One therapy for SAD is phototherapy, which is increased exposure to light used to improve mood. A researcher tests this therapy by exposing a sample of SAD patients to different intensities of light (low, medium, high) in a light box, either in the morning or at night (these are the times thought to be most effective for light therapy). All participants rated their mood following this therapy on a scale from 1 (poor mood) to 9 (improved mood). The hypothetical results are given in the following table.
|
|
Light Intensity
|
|
Low
|
Medium
|
High
|
|
Time of
Day
|
Morning
|
5
|
5
|
7
|
|
6
|
6
|
8
|
|
4
|
4
|
6
|
|
7
|
7
|
9
|
|
5
|
9
|
5
|
|
6
|
8
|
7
|
|
Night
|
5
|
6
|
9
|
|
8
|
8
|
7
|
|
6
|
7
|
6
|
|
7
|
5
|
8
|
|
3
|
9
|
7
|
|
3
|
8
|
6
|
(a) Complete the F-table and make a decision to retain or reject the null hypothesis for each hypothesis test.
(b) Compute Tukey's HSD to analyze the significant main effect.
Q4. To test the relationship between gender and ratings of a promiscuous partner, a group of men and women was given a vignette describing a person of the opposite sex who was in a dating relationship with one, two, or three partners. Participants rated how positively they felt about the individual described in the vignette, with higher ratings indicating more positive feelings.
|
Source of Variation
|
SS
|
df
|
MS
|
F
|
|
Gender
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
Promiscuity
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gender × Promiscuity
|
146
|
|
|
|
|
Error
|
570
|
114
|
|
|
|
Total
|
816
|
|
|
|
(a) Complete the F-table and make a decision to retain or reject the null hypothesis for each hypothesis test.