Purpose of Articles:

The purpose of the article is to illustrate a practical framework for understanding and predicting political economy risk for project managers operating in a variety of developing country settings, including non-democracies, ethnically diverse environments and societies undergoing political transition. In doing so, the paper also develops a number of novel cases illustrating the effectiveness of this framework in helping us understand both surprising success and failure in the realms of sustainable, private sector and human development.

Findings:

In contrast to the low levels of political support for a mandate among the industrial sector, which enjoyed easy alternatives, and among people, who were dispersed and relatively unorganized, were the concentrated benefits of political action on the opposing side. Taxi, auto-rickshaw and bus operators were all likely to be deeply affected by any mandate. Though they had relatively moderate size and political access, they each had unions that made the cost of organizing on the ground relatively small. These groups were likely to be among the most influential as a result. What they lacked in political influence could be compensated for by another group of potential losers from a mandate and the resultant albeit temporary disruption to public

Limits:

Long-lasting projects may encounter a number of local, sectorial or national political transitions over their lifecycle. This may make the already- challenging task of anticipating political risks seem prohibitively difficult. Yet, the interest group analysis table make this exercise relatively simple once more. Notice that a political transition will not change the identity of the different interest groups.

Application:

The demand of different groups for political action for or against a project may change insofar as groups may have new substitute opportunities, but the issue of whether a group supports or opposes a project is likely to remain unchanged. However, what is likely to change is the supply side, particularly the relative effectiveness of different groups.

Question: In no more that one single spaced page!

How do both the Rabianski and Hardin papers address practical risks in development?

In less than one page, what is the major take-away from the papers. Do not get caught up in the math. What is the practice evidence/application.

Submission form:
1. Basic outline/purpose of article
2. Findings
3. Limit
4. Application

What article are you discussing? The articles are related to mixed use development and how and why it either succeeds or fails. Dr.Rabianki is the lead author.

2.1 Purpose of Outline Plan

The purpose of an outline plan is to confirm that the proposed project can be economically developed on the selected site, and to investigate and provide all data, calculations and outline plans based on the different investigations required for the project approval and detailed planning.

2.2 Procedures for Preparation of Outline Plan
2.2.1 Site selection
2.2.2 Collection of maps and data
2.2.3 Outline plan

2.2.3 Outline plan
An outline plan is generally used as a basis for approval and financing of a project. This should prove the technical feasibility of the project. The production calculations concerned as well as the design should be in sufficient detail so that a reliable cost estimate including both the annual operational and production cost can be established.

The principal parts of the outline plan consist of the following;

(i) Report

This should contain the most important information on the project proposal including a description of the site, soil characteristics determined by the reconnaissance soil survey, source of water and the results of the water analysis, meteorological features used for planning, operation plan with the necessary production calculations, planning considerations, arrangement of the layout plan for the ponds and the location of the hatchery and the other buildings with the approach road to the project, arrangement for water supply and drainage of the ponds and the hatchery, the pond facilities, abstract of costs for capital, operational and production costs, economic analysis for benefits, and the proposed construction programme. Additionally, all the statements obtained and required for approval and implementation of the project must be presented usually in a list of annexures to the report.

(ii) General location map

This is generally an unsealed map showing the location of the project.

(iii) Plane table map

This has a scale of 1:2000 to 1:5000 depending the size of the project, showing the boundary lines and the proposed size of the project, the locations of the soil test pits with their elevations, the rough contour lines and water source and drainage possibilities.

(iv) Outline layout plan

This plan to a scale of 1:1000 to 1:5000 should include the arrangements of the ponds, the water supply and drainage systems as well as the location of the hatchery and other buildings including the proposed approach road and the power and telephone lines.

(v) Outline cross­sections of dikes and channels

All the typical cross­sections of the dikes and channels showing their measurements and slopes required for the cost estimate must be provided.

(vi) List of proposed buildings and equipment

A list of the proposed buildings with their plinth areas and the equipment needed for running the project should be given for the cost estimate.

(vii) Soil and water test results

Soil test laboratory results of the samples taken from the test pits for engineering and production purposes should be provided in tables which are used for planning dikes, etc. (Buring, 1979).

(viii) Cost estimate

Estimates of base (civil works) cost must be calculated using unit rates judged to be applicable for the region of the project site and major quantities of each item shall be calculated from the drawings in just sufficient detail to serve the needs of proper estimating. Building costs should be estimated on plinth area. Earthwork costs are based as far as possible on a balance between cutting and filling.

Estimates of cost are given for electricity supply, engineering (design of detailed plan and supervision of construction), equipment, land procurement and physical contingencies.

Lastly, the operational costs and the production cost are provided under separate heads.

(ix) Implementation schedule

Based on the results of the reconnaissance investigations and quantity calculations a bar­chart for the various activities required to complete the detailed plans and tender documents and procure the land for construction should be prepared.

Attachment:- Assignment.rar