Problem:

You are the owner of 100 bonds issued by Euler, Ltd. These bonds have 8 years remaining to maturity, an annual coupon payment of $80, and a par value of $1,000. Unfortunately, Euler is on the brink of bankruptcy. The creditors, including yourself, have agreed to a postponement of the next 4 interest payments (otherwise, the next interest payment would have been due in 1 year). The remaining interest payments, for Years 5 through 8, will be made as scheduled. The postponed payments will accrue interest at an annual rate of 6 percent, and they will then be paid as a lump sum at maturity 8 years hence. The required rate of return on these bonds, considering their substantial risk, is now 28 percent. What is the present value of each bond?

Hint: Move each of the first four coupon payments out to period 8 by 6% and replace the cash flows in periods 1 - 4 with 0. Then discount all the cash flows back to 0 at 28%.

A. $426.73

B. $538.21

C. $178.79

D. $266.88

E. $384.84

Explain comprehensively and show all calculation.