Price stability is the key monetary policy goal of almost every central bank in the world including the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. In this context:

a. Price stability is defined as stable price levels

b. Price stability is defined as low and stable inflation rates

c. There is no difference between inflation targeting and price-level targeting

d. If inflation is unexpectedly high this year, this would be followed by corrective action to bring inflation below target under an inflation targeting regime

e. All of the above answers.

In the new post crisis environment global banks are:

a. Shifting away from risky and capital-intensive activities, such as trading financial instruments

b. Shifting towards safer areas such as helping firms raise capital and managing the money of wealthy investors

c. Finding it harder to compete head-on with non-systemic banks, which have a lower capital ratio

d. All of the above answers

e. None of the above answers.