Persons having Reynaud's syndrome are apt to suffer a sudden impairment of blood circulation in fingers and toes. In an experiment to study the extent of this impairment, each subject immersed a forefinger in water and the resulting heat output (cal/cm²/min) was measured. For n₁ = 10 subjects with the syndrome, the average heat output was 0.93, while n₂ = 10 non - sufferers, the average output was 1.16. The researchers have assumed that the heat outputs are normal with true standard deviations are 0.3 and 0.5, respectively for sufferers and non-sufferers. Do sufferers of Reynaud's syndrome a lower heat output than non-sufferer? (Use α = 1%)

a. No, since Statistic_obs = -0.821 > Statistic_cri = -2.326

b. No, since Statistic_obs = -1.278 > Statistic_cri = -2.326

c. Yes, since Statistic_obs = -0.821 < Statistic_cri = 2.326

d. Yes, since Statistic_obs = -1.278 > Statistic_cri = 2.326

e. None of the above