Part -1:

1. What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of measurement?

2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate?

3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer.

4. Were the distributions of scores similar for the experimental and control groups for the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer.

5. Were the experimental and control groups similar in their type of feeding? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6. What was the marital status mode for the subjects in the experimental and control groups? Provide both the frequency and percentage for the marital status mode for both groups.

7. Could a median be determined for the education data? If so, what would the median be for education for the experimental and the control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

8. Can the findings from this study be generalized to Black women? Provide a rationale for your answer.

9. If there were 32 subjects in the experimental group and 36 subjects in the control group, why is the income data only reported for 30 subjects in the experimental group and 34 subjects in the control group?

10. Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Part -2:

1. The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement?

a. Nominal

b. Ordinal

c. Interval/ratio

d. Experimental

2. What was the mean posttest empowerment score for the control group?

3. Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.

4. Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group. Do these scores strengthen or weaken the validity of the research results? Provide a rationale for your answer.

5. Which group's test scores had the least amount of variability or dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6. Did the empowerment variable or self-care self-efficacy variable demonstrate the greatest amount of dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.

7. The mean (X¯) is a measure of _____________ ______________ of a distribution while the SD is a measure of _______________________ of its scores. Both X¯ and SD are _______________________ statistics.

8. What was the mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects? What was the dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity scores? Did the severity scores vary significantly between the control and the experimental groups? Is this important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

9. Which variable was least affected by the empowerment program? Provide a rationale for your answer.

10. Was it important for the researchers to include the total means and SDs for the study variables in Table 2 to promote the readers' understanding of the study results? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Part -3:

1. Identify the sampling technique being used. Every 20th patient that comes into the emergency room is given a satisfaction survey upon their discharge.

a. random sampling
b. cluster sampling
c. systematic sampling
d. stratified sampling
e. none of the above

2. The formula for finding the sample mean is

3. The formula for finding sample standard deviation is

4. The computation form for sample variance is

5. The following is the heart rate for 10 randomly selected patients on the unit. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the data using the descriptive statistics option in the data analysis toolpak.

75, 80, 62, 97, 107, 59, 76, 83, 84, 69

6. The following is a frequency distribution for the number of times patients use the call light in a days time. X is the number of times the call light is used and f is the frequency (meaning the number of patients). Create a histogram of the data.