"Painkillers' Safety Doubts" warns that "smokers in Norway who took such drugs [as Advil, Motrin and Aleve] for at least six months had twice the risk of dying of a heart attack, stroke or other heart-related problem."9 The article concedes that "the study was relatively small-908 people."

a. Is the size of the sample a drawback because not enough people would fall into certain explanatory categories, or because not enough people would fall into certain response categories? Explain.

b. Would 908 typically be considered too small a sample size to produce statistically significant results about the relationship between two categorical variables? Explain.

c. The alternative hypothesis in this situation could be formulated in terms of variables or parameters. Which two of the following are correct formulations of the alternative hypothesis?

1. There is a relationship between those drugs and heart-related problems.

2. There is no relationship between those drugs and heart-related problems.

3. The proportions with heart-related problems for populations of people who do and do not take those drugs are not equal.

4. The proportions with heart-related problems for populations of people who do and do not take those drugs are equal.