New York Waste (NYW) is considering refunding a $50,000,000, annual payment, 14 percent coupon, 30-year bond issue that was issued five years ago. It has been amortizing $3 million of flotation costs on these bonds over their 30-year life. The company could sell a new issue of 25-year bonds at an annual interest rate of 11.67 percent in today's market. A call premium of 14 percent would be required to retire the old bonds, and flotation costs on the new issue would amount to $3 million. NYW's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The new bonds would be issued when the old bonds are called.

The amortization of flotation costs reduces taxes, and thus provides an annual cash flow. What will the net increase or decrease in the annual flotation cost tax savings be if refunding takes place?

(a) $6,480
(b) $7,200
(c) $8,000
(d) $8,800
(e) $9,680