Michael Lynn, a social psychologist in Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has spent years studying tipping (his homepage has well tested advice on how to increase your tips). He finds that men tip more when they have a female server, while women tend to tip more when they have a male server. This sounds a lot like discrimination by customers.

a. If this is a fact, who will tend to apply for jobs waiting tables at truck stops: mostly men or mostly women?

b. If this is a fact, who will tend to apply for jobs waiting tables at steakhouses: mostly men or mostly women?

c. If this is a fact, who will tend to apply for jobs waiting tables at vegetarian restaurants: mostly men or mostly women?

d. In these three cases, does your experience match up with what this simple theory predicts? If there's a contradiction, what do you think the simple model is missing?