Many times researchers preselect the value of alpha of .01 or .001. What are the factors that allow selection of either of those levels of significance?
When computing Independent Sample Test, the SPSS output contains the section stating that Confidence Interval of the Difference. What is a Confidence Interval and what is the practical use or benefit of knowing its lower or upper value, especially when conducting t-test analysis?
How do you determine if the hypothesis is nondirectional or directional; is this determination made before or after you view the data?
When utilizing Z scores, is there a limit to the amount of variables? Does it affect the mean and/or the standard deviation?
In what types of situations or research are continuous variables and discrete data used and how will a corporation utilize the data in a report?