It is generally accepted that exercise provides health benefits to individuals with type 2 diabetes, although it is unclear which exercise regimen is the best.The subjects in a study were sedentary 30- to 75-year old adults with type 2 diabetes and elevated hemoglobin Alc levels above 6.5%. The level of hemoglobin Alc correlates very well with a person's recent overall blood sugar levels. If the blood sugars have generally been running high during the previous few months, the level of hemoglobin Alc will be high. In a randomized controlled study, 41 subjects were assigned to a non-exercise control group, 73 to resistance training only, 72 to aerobic exercise only, and 76 to combined aerobic and resistance training. The weekly duration of exercise was similar for all three exercise groups, and subjects remained on the exercise program for 9 months. At the end of the 9 months, the hemoglobin Alc levels of subjects were measured.

Identify the populations and response variable. State the hypothesis to be tested and give the degrees of freedom of the ANOVA F statistic.