In Check Your Learning 17-8, we introduced the example of the Chicago Police Department's study of lineups. Below is a printout from SPSS software that depicts the data for the six cells.

a. For simultaneous lineups, what is the observed frequency for the identification of suspects?

b. For sequential lineups, what is the expected frequency for the identification of a person other than the suspect?

c. For simultaneous lineups, what is the adjusted standardized residual for cases in which there was no identification? What does this number indicate?

d. If you were to use an adjusted standardized residual criterion of 2 (regardless of the sign), for which cells would you conclude that the difference between observed frequency and expected frequency is greater than you would expect if the two variables were independent?

e. Repeat part (d) for an adjusted standardized residual criterion of 3 (regardless of the sign).