How much would you have to invest today to receive the following? Use Appendix B or Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. $12,500 in 7 years at 11 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

present value _________________________

b. $16,100 in 15 years at 10 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

present value _____________________

c. $6,250 each year for 14 years at 8 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

present value __________________________

d. $43,000 each year for 30 years at 6 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

present value ______________________________