Haters are gonna hate, study confirms. A study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology asked a group of 200 randomly sampled men and women to evaluate how they felt about various subjects, such as camping, health care, architecture, taxidermy, crossword puzzles, and Japan in order to measure their dispositional attitude towards mostly independent stimuli. Then, they presented the participants with information about a new product: a microwave oven. This microwave oven does not exist, but the participants didn't know this, and were given three positive and three negative fake reviews. People who reacted positively to the subjects on the dispositional attitude measurement also tended to react positively to the microwave oven, and those who reacted negatively also tended to react negatively to it. Researchers concluded that "some people tend to like things, whereas others tend to dislike things, and a more thorough understanding of this tendency will lead to a more thorough understanding of the psychology of attitudes."

(a) What are the cases?

(b) What is (are) the response variable(s) in this study?

(c) What is (are) the explanatory variable(s) in this study?

(d) Does the study employ random sampling?

(e) Is this an observational study or an experiment? Explain your reasoning.

(f) Can we establish a causal link between the explanatory and response variables?

(g) Can the results of the study be generalized to the population at large?