FOR THIS AND THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS. Consider the following scenario. Suppose you work for a pharmaceutical firm as a sales rep. Your region is Sub-Saharan Africa where you are currently on a visit to assess the growing market potential for your product, a new drug that treats myocardial infarction (aka heart attack, often, the result of a coronary artery disease). Your firm's drug is particularly effective among individuals aged 60 and older. You are interested in this population. Your company's interest is motivated by two published medical research.

In a 2012 study by Kivimäki et al, they found that smoking appears to be the cause of 36% of coronary artery disease and obesity 20% ("Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data," The Lancet 380, 9852: 1491-7, August 31, 2012). In an earlier study published in 2005, Yusuf et al found that obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m², is a growing phenomenon in Africa where the mean BMI is 26.7. While lower than in North America (BMI = 27.7), it is higher than in all the sub-regions of Asia where BMI as low as 24.0 can be found ("Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: A Case-Control Study," The Lancet, Volume 366, Issue 9497, 5-11 November 2005, Pages 1640-1649). Note that in all of these studies, the researchers drew their conclusions from working samples.

From these studies, which of the following may be considered a variable that can have a probability distribution? [I] Percentage of Sub-Saharan Africans that smoke [II] Percentage of all Sub-Saharan Africans considered obese [III] Percentage of coronary artery disease cases, in the surveyed group, caused by smoking [IV] Percentage of coronary artery disease cases, in the surveyed group, caused by obesity [V] Mean BMI of all Africans aged 60 years and older [VI] Mean BMI of a group of 100 Africans aged 60 years and older

Question 2
From the studies, which of the following is NOT a point estimate?

Question 3
Which of the following is considered a POPULATION PARAMETER? [I] Percentage of Sub-Saharan Africans that smoke [II] Percentage of all Sub-Saharan Africans considered obese [III] Percentage of coronary artery disease cases, in the surveyed group, caused by smoking [IV] Percentage of coronary artery disease cases, in the surveyed group, caused by obesity [V] Mean BMI of all Africans aged 60 years and older [VI] Mean BMI of a group 100 Africans aged 60 years and older