Exchange Rates based on International Corporate Finance

You are a U.S. investor who is trying to calculate the present value of a €5 million cash inflow that will occur 1 year in the future. The spot exchange rate is S = $1.25/€ and the forward rate is F1 = $1.215/€. You estimate that the appropriate dollar discount rate for this cash flow is 4% and the appropriate euro discount rate is 7%.
a. What is the present value of the €5 million cash inflow computed by first discounting the euro and then converting it into dollars?
b. What is the present value of the €5 million cash inflow computed by first converting the cash flow into dollars and then discounting?
c. What can you conclude about whether these markets are internationally integrated, based on your answers to parts (a) and (b)?


Problem 31-2 on Currency Appreciation based on Chapter 31 International Corporate Finance


Mia Caruso Enterprises, a U.S. manufacturer of children's toys, has made a sale in Cyprus and is expecting a C£4 million cash inflow in 1 year. The current spot rate is S = $1.80/C£ and the one-year forward rate is F1 = $1.8857/C£.
a. What is the present value of Mia Caruso's C£4 million inflow computed by first discounting the cash flow at the appropriate Cypriot pound discount rate of 5%, and then converting the result into dollars?
b. What is the present value of Mia Caruso's C£4 million inflow computed by first converting the cash flow into dollars, and then discounting at the appropriate dollar discount rate of 10%?
c. What can you conclude about whether these markets are internationally integrated, based on your answers to parts A and B?

 
Problem 31-7 on Eurobonds versus Domestic Bonds based on Chapter 31 International Corporate Finance

The dollar cost of debt for Coval Consulting, a U.S. research firm, is 7.5%. The firm faces a tax rate of 30% on all income, no matter where it is earned. Managers in the firm need to know its yen cost of debt because they are considering launching a new bond issue in Tokyo to raise money for a new investment there.
The risk-free interest rates on dollars and yen are r$ = 5% and r¥ = 1%, respectively. Coval Consulting is willing to assume that capital markets are internationally integrated and that its free cash flows are uncorrelated with the yen-dollar spot rate.
What is Coval Consulting's after-tax cost of debt in yen? (Hint: Start by finding the after-tax cost of debt in dollars and then find the yen equivalent.)



Problem 31-12 on Credit & Exchange Rate Risk based on Chapter 31 International Corporate Finance

Suppose the interest on Russian government bonds is 7.5%, and the current exchange rate is 28 rubles per dollar. If the forward exchange rate is 28.5 rubles per dollar, and the current U.S. risk-free interest rate is 4.5%, what is the implied credit spread for Russian government bonds?

 Problem 30-9 on Forward Market Hedge based on Chapter 30 Risk Management
You are a broker for frozen seafood products for Choyce Products. You just signed a deal with a Belgian distributor. Under the terms of the contract, in 1 year, you will deliver 4000 kg of frozen king crab for 100,000 euros. Your cost for obtaining the king crab is $110,000. All cash flows occur in exactly 1 year.

a. Plot your profits in 1 year from the contract as a function of the exchange rate in 1 year for exchange rates from $0.75/€ to $1.50/€. Label this line Unhedged Profits.

b. Suppose the 1-year forward exchange rate is $1.25/€ and that you enter into a forward contract to sell the euros you will receive at this rate. In the figure from part (a), plot your combined profits from the crab contract and the forward contract as a function of the exchange rate in one year. Label this line Forward Hedge.

c. Suppose that instead of using a forward contract, you consider using options. A 1-year call option to buy euros at a strike price of $1.25/€ is trading for $0.10/€. Similarly, a 1-year put option to sell euros at a strike price of $1.25/€ is trading for $0.10/€. To hedge the risk of your profits, should you buy or sell the call or the put?

d. In the figure from parts (a) and (b), plot your "all in" profits using the option hedge (combined profits of crab contract, option contract, and option price) as a function of the exchange rate in one year. Label this line Option Hedge. (Note: You can ignore the effect of interest on the option price.)

e. Suppose that by the end of the year, a trade war erupts, leading to a European embargo on U.S. food products. As a result, your deal is cancelled, and you don't receive the euros or incur the costs of procuring the crab. However, you still have the profits (or losses) associated with your forward or options contract. In a new figure, plot the profits associated with the forward hedge and the options hedge (labeling each line). When there is a risk of cancellation, which type of hedge has the least downside risk? Explain briefly.